Education
- B.L. in economics, National Taiwan University (1965)
- B.A. in foreign languages and literature, National Taiwan University (1970)
- M.A. in economics, Brooklyn College (1980)
- M.S. in mathematics, University of Rhode Island (1989)
- Ph.D. in economics, Utah State University (1984)
- Ph.D. in applied mathematical sciences, University of Rhode Island (1994)